Pfaff, Lawrence A., Karyn J. Boatwright, Andrea L. Potthoff, Caitlin Finan, Leigh Ann Ulrey, and Daniel M. Huber. “Perceptions of Women and Men Leaders Following 360‐Degree Feedback Evaluations.” Performance Improvement Quarterly 26, no. 1 (2013): 35-56.
Abstract: In this study, researchers used a customized 360-degree method to examine the frequency with which 1,546 men and 721 women leaders perceived themselves and were perceived by colleagues as using 10 relational and 10 task-oriented leadership behaviors, as addressed in the Management-Leadership Practices Inventory (MLPI). As hypothesized, men and women leaders, as well as their supervisors, employees, and peers, perceived women leaders to employ nine of the 10 relational leadership behaviors significantly more frequently than men leaders. Additionally, the employees’ perceptions of their women leaders’ use of task-oriented behaviors were significantly higher when compared to similar assessments from the employees of men leaders. However, the leaders as well as their supervisors and peers perceived men and women leaders’ use of task-oriented behaviors as approximately equal. Broader implications of these findings are discussed.
